| Solar panel | Solar array are devices that change sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an green and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied landscape of gentle slopes, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural illumination emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of power resulting from the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It powers innumerable appliances and infrastructures, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electric power to run various digital equipment. It consists of multiple electrochemical units, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing secure, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction regularly, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It ensures efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to determine the extent, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive installations that utilize sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a renewable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess energy generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup power, reduce energy expenses, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells tracks the development and improvements in photovoltaic tech from the early finding of the solar effect to modern advanced solar arrays. It showcases key innovations, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have greatly improved power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His research laid the basis for comprehending how light interacts with particular substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States inventor who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative entity historically associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronics and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle solid material with a steel-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system effectiveness, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in solar arrays to offer a renewable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a basic particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental principle behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the utilization of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power represents the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and green energy, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the metric system, representing the rate of energy movement or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the work per individual charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in A. It is necessary for powering electronic equipment and enabling the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and size of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It allows the use of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the orientation of solar modules to follow the sun’s path throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power output of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the working point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar panels. This methodology provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in instantaneous, delivering important data on energy production and system status. It assists enhance solar energy output by spotting problems early and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to power homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous tiny silicon crystals, frequently used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline type appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium form of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of film solar technology that presents a economical and effective alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar cells that use a multi-layered compound of copper, In, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into power efficiently. They are known for their high light capturing performance, flexibility, and possibility for portable, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections arranged together to absorb a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are primarily used in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are essential devices that transform sunlight into electricity to power onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in various technological fields. These films are important in electronic systems, optical systems, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of substance spanning a few nanometers to a few microns in thickness, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in various industries, including electronics, optics, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate measuring instruments used to exactly measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, disk-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the substrate for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the production of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar units recognized for their high efficiency and adaptability, ideal for various uses. They employ a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight straight into power with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into power using solar panels, supplying a green energy source for residential, industrial, and large-scale applications. They provide a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that utilize organic materials, to transform sunlight into electrical power. They are lightweight, bendable, and enable cost-effective, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic substance used in thin-film solar cells due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations details various massive solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their capacities and sites. These stations play a crucial role in renewable energy production and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable option to fossil fuels, decreasing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, oil, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how well a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is revolutionizing the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through device that bending light to converge or spread out rays, creating images. It is often used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and improve light transmission. It improves the sharpness and luminosity of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes cancel each other out, leading to a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a small device used to change DC from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system performance by maximizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric current regularly reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to provide DC energy from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that provide a secure and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international protection approval organization that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they meet particular safety norms. It assists consumers and firms identify reliable and protected products through thorough evaluation and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to move in a single sense exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, created to provide electrical power for different devices and attachments within a car. It allows users to power electronic gadgets or run small appliances when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking devices to computing systems, enabling data transfer and electric power. It supports a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage, and cell phones, with multiple revisions delivering higher speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma rays, all possessing diverse wavelengths and energies. This spectrum is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on alterations of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to calculate the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the distribution and conveyance of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big body of air with comparatively uniform temp and moisture features, coming from from certain origin regions. These air masses impact weather patterns and atmospheric states as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the intensity per unit area received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, influencing climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dirt, and impurities on the exterior of solar arrays, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and maintenance are important to minimize energy loss and maintain optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the peak power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a metalloid element crucial for plant development and applied in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that render it useful in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a group of several solar panels designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It improves the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a comfortable zone for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an surveyor to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and astrophysics to indicate the orientation of an target relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to a billion watt, used to quantify massive electricity generation and usage. It is typically associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in making thin-film solar cells that deliver high efficiency and affordable power output. The firm is committed to sustainable energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automated systems to boost efficiency and trustworthiness. It aims on creating innovative solutions that enable seamless communication and cooperation among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent China's company focused on manufacturing and innovating solar-powered solar items and systems. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to indicate the potential of large-scale power production or consumption. It highlights the immense power scale involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost drops as overall production grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the value of learned skills in cutting expenses and improving productivity in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy sources are financially viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and environmentally friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and manufacturing settings to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered products features a variety of tools that utilize sunlight to convert energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and renewable living. These products include everything from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing versatile options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, significantly boosting power output using less space. This method is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight and offers a viable solution to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
