Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as instruments that transform sunlight into using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied scenery of gentle slopes, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that combine history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the sun, essential for life on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power generated by the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels numerous appliances and infrastructures, supporting modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way movement of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to run various electronic gadgets. It consists of multiple electrochemical cells, each containing electrode pairs separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring secure, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity cyclically, typically used in home and business power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to determine the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that capture sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a green and sustainable energy power, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then beamed to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells documents the development and improvements in solar power technology from the early discovery of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced photovoltaic modules. It features key innovations, including the invention of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the foundation for understanding how illumination interacts with specific materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American innovator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile solid substance with a blue-grey sheen, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system performance, enables better performance oversight, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a unit that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a basic particle that represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core concept behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the utilization of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power is transferred by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the energy per individual charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electric charge through a conductor wire, commonly measured in amps. It is essential for powering electronic equipment and allowing the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the standard of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and size of power systems to ensure reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar panels into AC suitable for home devices. It enables the use of common electrical appliances in settings where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of several individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of solar modules to track the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This system improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power output of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This methodology ensures the best performance energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that observes and evaluates the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, providing valuable data on power output and system status. It helps maximize solar power generation by spotting problems early and ensuring highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many small silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and microchip production. Its production involves fusing and restructuring silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its uniform structure allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a type of thin-film solar method that presents a economical and high-performance option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and moderately reduced manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar cells that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their great light capturing performance, bendability, and potential for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that utilize various p-n junctions layered in tandem to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. They are primarily used in space missions and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that transform solar radiation into electric power to power onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, offering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are essential in electronic systems, light manipulation, and films for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of compound spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, generally in machining and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, round piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar units famous for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for diverse applications. They employ a layered semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into electricity with remarkable efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into power using PV cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, business, and large-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that utilize organic materials, to turn sun's energy into electric power. They are lightweight, flexible, and enable lower-cost, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising semiconductor material used in laminate solar cells due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the world, showcasing their output and sites. These plants function a crucial role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in clean energy production, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, air currents, and water. It offers a sustainable option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental harm and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This growth is changing the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bends light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It enhances the sharpness and illumination of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a reduction or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This event usually happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature component used to change DC from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system performance by enhancing power output at the module level and simplifies installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical connector used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a secure and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global security certification organization that tests and certifies products to guarantee they meet particular security norms. It assists consumers and firms find dependable and secure products through rigorous review and examination procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the identical current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in one way exclusively, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, created to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons within a vehicle. It permits users to power electronic gadgets or run small devices while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral hardware to computers, enabling data transmission and power supply. It accommodates a broad spectrum of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with various generations offering increased speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, extending from wireless signals to gamma rays, all possessing diverse wavelengths and energies. This range is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on shades of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to calculate the magnitude of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the spread and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big body of air's with comparatively consistent temp and moisture properties, originating from specific source areas. These airmass impact climate trends and atmospheric states as they move across different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and care are necessary to reduce energy loss and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the highest power output of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak ability to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid chemical element essential for plant growth and used in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that cause it useful in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of utilizing land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This method improves crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shade while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to deliver renewable, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and protection from the conditions for exterior areas. It enhances the functionality and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant area for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and astrophysics to indicate the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to quantify large-scale electricity production and consumption. It is typically associated with power plants, power grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on making thin-film solar panels that deliver high efficiency and economical energy production. The organization is dedicated to sustainable energy development and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly connecting various elements of manufacturing and automation systems to improve productivity and trustworthiness. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese-based firm expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic products and solutions. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to indicate the potential of massive electricity production or usage. It highlights the vast energy scale involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost decreases as cumulative output increases, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy becomes the same as or less than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that green energy technologies are financially viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a network of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, commercial, and industrial environments to produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a range of gadgets that harness sunlight to generate energy, supporting green and renewable living. These products include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, providing multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a plant that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses plus reflectors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient solar cells, greatly enhancing power output using a smaller area. This method works well where direct, strong sunlight and offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |