Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels countless systems and infrastructures, facilitating contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction flow of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into current to run various electronic devices. It consists of multiple electrochemical units, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC fit for home use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and providing secure, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, generally used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to measure the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like meters, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and generate power. This power is then beamed to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems retain excess energy generated from renewable energy or the power grid for later use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These solutions commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, lower energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels documents the progress and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the early finding of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency solar panels. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the creation of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have substantially enhanced power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with particular media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its key role in the fabrication of electronics and solar cells. It is a tough, brittle crystal solid with a bluish-gray shine, primarily used as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach improves system effectiveness, allows for better performance monitoring, and boosts energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to offer a renewable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a elementary particle that represents a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the capturing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the speed at which electric power flows by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and green energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, representing the rate of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the power per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the base unit of voltage, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic equipment and allowing the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and power of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of solar panels to follow the solar trajectory throughout the day, optimizing solar energy capture. This system increases the effectiveness of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the operating point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process provides the most efficient energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that tracks and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering useful data on power output and system condition. It assists optimize solar power generation by detecting problems ahead of time and ensuring optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless minute silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves fusing and reforming silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its uniform structure allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar technology that offers a affordable and effective alternative for extensive solar energy generation. They are their excellent absorption capability and moderately reduced manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar devices that utilize a composite compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into energy effectively. They are recognized for their high absorption effectiveness, bendability, and capability for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its cost-effectiveness and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n junctions layered in tandem to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. They are primarily used in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard systems. They are typically lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, offering a economical approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are crucial in electronics, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of compound ranging from tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optics, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, commonly in manufacturing and production. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a slender, round piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar modules known for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for various uses. They use a stratified layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight immediately into electrical energy with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for home, business, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based compounds, to turn sun's energy into electrical power. They are compact, bendable, and provide cost-effective, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous electronic compound used in layer solar panels due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations details various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, highlighting their output and sites. These facilities play a crucial role in sustainable energy generation and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable solution to traditional fuels, reducing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the main energy sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electrical power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is key for increasing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This growth is revolutionizing the world energy sector by raising the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent instrument that bends light to bring together or diverge rays, producing images. It is frequently used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their wave heights counteract each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when these waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally throughout its cycle, permitting efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature entity used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing power output at the panel level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric flow periodically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical plug used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that ensure a secure and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international safety approval agency that evaluates and certifies products to ensure they adhere to certain safety norms. It helps consumers and firms recognize dependable and protected products through rigorous assessment and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the identical electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in one way only, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to provide electrical energy for multiple devices and accessories inside of a car. It allows users to charge electronic electronics or operate small appliances during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral devices to computers, facilitating data transfer and power supply. It backs a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage, and smartphones, with multiple versions delivering increased speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to increasing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio waves to high-energy photons, each with different wavelengths and energies. This range is essential for many technologies and natural events, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also lead to skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to quantify the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the spread and transfer of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air with relatively uniform thermal and dampness features, deriving from from certain source regions. These air masses impact climate trends and air situations as they pass through different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, impacting global climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and foreign matter on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their performance. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to limit energy decrease and maintain maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power capacity of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak ability to create electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal element necessary for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses unique chemical properties that render it valuable in manufacturing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of employing land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of numerous solar modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the usability and look of a patio, making it a cozy area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to define the orientation of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in advancing solar energy implementation and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess massive energy production and utilization. It is typically associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in producing thin-film solar cells that provide high-performance and low-cost energy production. The organization is focused on sustainable energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly linking various components of industrial and automated systems to boost performance and reliability. It aims on creating advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar photovoltaic items and systems. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion W, often used to represent the capacity of massive electricity generation or consumption. It highlights the huge energy extent involved in contemporary power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production decreases as cumulative output rises, due to learning and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the value of accumulated experience in reducing costs and improving productivity in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, green energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy technologies are economically competitive with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a network of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, commercial, and manufacturing sites to generate clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered goods features a selection of gadgets that harness sunlight to generate energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These items include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture from a compact footprint. This technology is highly suitable in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides a promising approach to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |