Solar panel | Solar array are components that convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural traditions, famous sights, and lively cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural illumination emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It powers countless systems and systems, facilitating contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that stores chemical energy and changes it into electric power to run various electronic devices. It includes several galvanic units, each housing anode and cathode interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC appropriate for home use and grid connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing secure, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips direction regularly, usually used in residential and commercial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to determine the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, thermometers, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale installations that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and efficiency. These solutions commonly employ batteries to deliver backup energy, reduce energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the development and improvements in photovoltaic tech from the initial finding of the solar effect to current high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It highlights key milestones, including the development of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have greatly improved power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His tests laid the groundwork for comprehending how illumination interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US inventor who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative entity historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a solid, fragile solid substance with a bluish-gray shine, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach improves system efficiency, enables enhanced performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a green and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a fundamental particle that represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials turn sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power refers to the speed at which electrical energy is transferred by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and green energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, indicating the speed of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which drives the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the work per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, usually measured in amperes. It is crucial for supplying electronic equipment and enabling the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electric flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a easy and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the application of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as an collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system boosts the effectiveness of solar energy collection by keeping ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the working point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure provides the best performance power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in live, offering useful data on energy production and system status. It helps optimize solar power output by identifying faults ahead of time and guaranteeing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many small silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves melting and reforming silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in higher performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a type of thin-film solar system that provides a economical and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy generation. They are their high absorption efficiency and moderately reduced manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar cells that use a composite compound of copper, In, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their great light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and capability for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular structure, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize multiple p-n junctions arranged in unison to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space missions and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that generate sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, offering a cost-effective solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a portable, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are crucial in electronic systems, optics, and films for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of compound ranging from a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and production. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules known for their high efficiency and flexibility, perfect for multiple fields. They employ a layered layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into energy using photovoltaic cells, offering a sustainable energy source for home, business, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that utilize carbon-based compounds, to transform sunlight into electrical power. They are compact, pliable, and enable lower-cost, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a potential photovoltaic substance used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an appealing alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, highlighting their output and locations. These stations serve a important role in green energy generation and global efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive systems that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, breezes, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable power. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This growth is transforming the international energy scene by increasing the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through instrument that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the crispness and luminosity of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waveforms are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a tiny component used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric flow periodically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in households and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical connector used to provide DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a firm and consistent attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide security validation agency that assesses and endorses products to confirm they meet certain protection requirements. It helps consumers and companies find reliable and safe products through strict assessment and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to move in one sense only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, created to supply electrical energy for multiple devices and accessories inside of a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic electronics or operate small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripherals to computers, enabling data transfer and electric power. It supports a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple generations delivering higher speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling communication, medical imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a crucial role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the intensity of power or power received or emitted over a particular surface, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the spread and conveyance of radiation across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of air with relatively consistent temp and dampness properties, deriving from from particular origin areas. These air masses impact climate trends and atmospheric conditions as they move across various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of solar rays. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of debris, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are essential to reduce energy waste and guarantee optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the peak power output of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak capacity to generate electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to check the potential difference between separate points in a circuit. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element necessary for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical traits that make it useful in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of employing land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of several solar modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to generate clean, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a patio, making it a cozy space for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, surveying, and astronomy to define the direction of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a popular choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to one billion W, used to quantify massive power generation output and consumption. It is generally associated with power plants, electricity networks, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in making thin film-based solar panels that offer high efficiency and low-cost power generation. The firm is dedicated to green energy development and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly linking various elements of factory and automated systems to boost performance and dependability. It focuses on building advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's firm focused on manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic items and systems. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the potential of large-scale electricity generation or usage. It highlights the vast power extent involved in current energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost reduces as total output increases, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and improving productivity in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy sources are cost-effectively competitive with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a system of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, commercial, and factory settings to produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy products features a variety of gadgets that utilize sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These products include ranging from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, providing flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing power output using less space. This technology is highly suitable where intense, direct sunlight and offers an innovative way to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |