Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as devices that transform sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like London. It boasts a mixed terrain of undulating terrain, old castles, and bustling urban centers that blend heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power due to the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It drives countless devices and systems, supporting modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It consists of multiple electrochemical cells, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that changes DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for domestic use and utility connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing safe, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, generally used in home and industrial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the size, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, thermometers, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy resource, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These installations generally use batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy costs, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels chronicles the development and innovations in solar energy tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-efficiency solar panels. It features major milestones, including the development of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly boosted energy transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession noted for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how radiation interacts with specific materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronic components and solar panels. It is a tough, brittle solid solid with a blue-grey sheen, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little device installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system performance, allows for improved performance oversight, and boosts energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to provide a green and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a fundamental particle that represents a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental principle behind solar panel systems, allowing the harnessing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, representing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per single charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electricity through a conductor, typically measured in A. It is necessary for powering electronic equipment and enabling the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp is the unit of electric flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and capacity of power systems to guarantee safe and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for powering and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the operation of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of several individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power generation of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the performance point to match the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the efficiency of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering useful data on energy generation and system status. It helps optimize solar energy output by identifying issues promptly and guaranteeing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless small silicon crystal structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline type fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium type of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronics. Its homogeneous formation allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar method that presents a economical and effective solution for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and moderately low manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film solar devices that employ a composite compound of Cu, In, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into energy effectively. They are known for their excellent absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for portable, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use various p-n junctions layered in unison to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are primarily used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that generate solar radiation into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These coatings are vital in electronics, optical systems, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound ranging from fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in thickness, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or widths, typically in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a slender, ring-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar units recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and large-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based molecules, to turn sunlight into electricity. They are lightweight, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic material used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an desirable substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations information various large-scale solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their power and locations. These plants serve a crucial role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable solution to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how effectively a solar cell generates sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This expansion is transforming the world energy sector by boosting the percentage of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that bends light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It improves the clarity and illumination of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes negate each other, resulting in a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This occurrence usually happens when these waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies following a sine wave as time progresses, enabling effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a compact component used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by optimizing energy production at the module level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and current periodically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in residences and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical plug used to provide direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that ensure a firm and consistent attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global safety validation agency that evaluates and approves products to ensure they meet specific safety standards. It assists consumers and companies identify dependable and protected products through strict evaluation and examination methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in one way only, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to supply electrical energy for different devices and add-ons inside of a car. It allows users to power electronic electronics or operate small electronics during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking hardware to computing systems, enabling information exchange and power supply. It backs a variety of peripherals such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple generations offering higher speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy output and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied lengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the sun. It plays a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the strength of power or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the distribution and movement of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of atmosphere with fairly consistent temp and dampness characteristics, originating from certain origin regions. These air masses influence climate trends and air states as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of solar rays. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the buildup of dirt, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their output. Routine maintenance and servicing are necessary to minimize energy loss and ensure optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the potential difference between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal element crucial for plant development and employed in various industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that render it useful in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic modules to generate renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of employing land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shelter while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that offers shade and cover from the elements for al fresco areas. It enhances the usability and visual charm of a patio, making it a cozy area for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to indicate the orientation of an object relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a popular choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in promoting solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watt, used to assess big power generation production and consumption. It is typically associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar PV power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar panels that provide high-performance and low-cost energy production. The organization is focused on eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly linking various parts of factory and automation systems to boost performance and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's firm specializing in producing and developing photovoltaic photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often utilized to describe the capacity of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It underscores the huge energy magnitude involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production drops as overall production increases, due to gaining knowledge and optimization obtained over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and boosting output in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy sources are economically competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a grid of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, commercial, and factory sites to generate clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered goods features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These products include everything from solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, delivering multi-purpose options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting energy capture using less space. This approach is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |